The Chosen 100
Saturday, January 2, 1999
1. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) German-U.S. physicist described relativity
2. Martin Luther (1483-1546) German founder of the Reformation
3-4 (tie). Karl Marx (1818-1883) German economic theorist of communism
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English playwright and poet
5. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English scientist promulgated laws of motion
6. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Austrian-German dictator responsible for the Second World War and Holocaust
7. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) Italian discoverer of the New World
8. Johannes Gutenberg (1400-68) German inventor of printing
9. Charles Darwin (1809-82) English naturalist theorized evolution
10. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian astronomer described solar system
11. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) Indian leader; advocate of nonviolent dissent
12. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) U.S. inventor of gramophone, light bulb
13-14. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) French emperor, military innovator
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist, architect and engineer
15. Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) Scottish-U.S.-Canadian inventor of the telephone
16. Henry Ford (1863-1947) U.S. car maker pioneered assembly line
17. Mao Tsetung (1893-1976) Chinese leader of Communist revolution
18. Louis Pasteur (1822-95) French chemist developed bacteriology
19. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish astronomer described solar system
20. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian neurologist created psychoanalysis
21. Winston Churchill (1874-1965) British leader in Second World War
22. Genghis Khan (1162-1227) Mongol ruler created vast empire
23. James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish engineer developed steam engine
24-25. Wolfgang Mozart (1756-91) Austrian composer; the "golden child of music"
William the Conqueror (1027-87) English king implemented feudalism
26. Marie Curie (1867-1934) Polish-French physicist developed radiography
27. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) German composer developed polyphony
28. Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) Russian leader of Communist revolution
29. Abraham Lincoln (1809-65) U.S. president united country, ended slavery
30. Elizabeth I (1533-1603) English queen presided over growing empire
31. Marchese Marconi (1874-1937) Italian inventor of wireless telegraphy
32-33. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) Italian sculptor, painter
Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) Soviet dictator enslaved, killed millions
34. Bill Gates (born 1955) U.S. software developer
35. Orville Wright (1871-1948) U.S. pioneer of aviation
36. Adam Smith (1723-90) Scottish economist described growth of wealth
37. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) German composer of Romantic era
38. Marco Polo (1254-1324) Venetian merchant opened Western eyes to China
39. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) U.S. president drafted Declaration of Independence
40. Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) Scottish bacteriologist discovered penicillin
41. René Descartes (1596-1650) French thinker led modern philosophy
42. George Washington (1732-99) First U.S. president; won nation's independence
43. Nelson Mandela (born 1918) First black leader of South Africa after apartheid
44. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) U.S. minister led civil-rights movement
45. Mother Teresa (1910-1997) Albanian nun, missionary to India
46. Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) English nurse reformed her profession
47. Queen Victoria (1819-1901) English monarch extended empire
48. Joan of Arc (1412-31) French martyr ended English occupation
49. Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) U.S. pioneer of aviation
50. Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) Italian theologian stressed human knowledge
51. Jean J. Rousseau (1712-78) French thinker described democracy
52-53. Henry VIII (1491-1547) English king contested Roman Catholic Church
King John (1167-1216) English monarch signed Magna Carta
54. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) Spanish modernist painter, cubist
55-56. Alfred Nobel (1833-96) Swedish chemist invented dynamite, founded prize
Emmeline Pankhurst (1857-1928) English suffragette leader won rights for women
57. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-67) U.S. physicist led development of atom bomb
58. Benjamin Franklin (1706-90) U.S. statesman, inventor, described electricity
59-61. Frederick Banting (1891-1941) Canadian physiologist co-discovered insulin
Otto von Bismarck (1815-98) Prussian leader unified German states
Walt Disney (1901-66) U.S. film-television producer and animator
62. Peter the Great (1672-1725) Russian czar extended nation's power
63-65. Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) Portuguese prince developed scientific navigation
John Locke (1632-1704) English philosopher described empiricism
Elvis Presley (1935-77) U.S. singer popularized rock 'n' roll
66-70. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) English physician pioneered vaccination
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) Italian diplomat, political philosopher
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) Portuguese navigator explored Pacific
Jonas Salk (1914-95) U.S. virologist discovered polio vaccine
Voltaire (1694-1778) French thinker advanced the enlightenment
71-72. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) U.S. president during Depression, Second World War
James Watson (born 1928) U.S. biologist described DNA
73. Gregor Mendel (1822-84) Austrian botanist developed genetic theory
74. Mikhail Gorbachev (born 1931) Soviet leader liberalized state
75. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) English physicist described electromagnetism
76-77. Francis Crick (born 1916) English biologist described DNA with Watson
Pope Urban II (1035-99) French pontiff initiated First Crusade
78. Neil Armstrong (born 1930) U.S. astronaut was first human on moon
79. Samuel Lister (1815-1906) English inventor developed textile machinery
80. Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69) Dutch painter redefined art
81-83. Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) South American revolutionary drove out Spanish
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher defined critical idealism
Mary Wollstonecraft (1797-1851) English writer and women's-rights reformer
84-85. Wernher von Braun (1912-77) German-born U.S. rocket engineer developed Explorer
Diana Spencer (1961-97) English princess won popular appeal
86. James Cook (1728-79) English navigator explored Pacific, Antarctic
87-88. John F. Kennedy (1917-63) U.S. president; assassinated
John M. Keynes (1883-1946) English economist championed full employment
89. Charles Dickens (1812-70) English novelist decried class injustice
90. Alan Turing (1912-54) English mathematician developed computer science
91-92. Alighieri Dante (1265-1321) Italian poet wrote Divine Comedy
Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) Spanish founder of Jesuits
93. Pope John Paul II (born 1920) Polish pontiff returns orthodoxy
94. Louis XIV (1638-1715) King of France when French influence spread throughout Europe
95-97. John Baird (1888-1946) Scottish engineer developed television
Rachel Carson (1907-64) U.S. naturalist inspired environmentalism
Saladin (1138-93) Egyptian sultan founded a dynasty
98-99. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) English soldier overthrew monarchy
Pope John XXIII (1881-1963) Italian pontiff had modernizing influence
100. Suleyman the Magnificent (1494-1566) Ottoman sultan expanded empire
